PART 3A GRAMMAR: Syntax (Tenses) (18 points; l point per form): Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. Take care with the word order. Do not add any modal verbs, other tfaan "will" / "would".

(1) It (l often, claim) that any advance in scientific knowledge (2 certainly, exploit) even if there (3 be) serious ethical objections to it. Cloning, which (4 be) in the news again over the last three months, is an example in question and one (5 not, need) much imagination to predict that this topic (6 remain) newsworthy for many years to come. Readers of Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, which (7 first, publish) seventy years ago, (8 recall) , I am sure, that the novelist (9 already, describe) cloning in great detail decades before any biologist (10 strive) to develop the cloning techniques which (11 now, use) for five years. If, in 1932, Huxley (12 claim) that what he (13 imagine) äs the future of mankind (14 actually, realize) within two generations, he (15 treat) äs a crank and a fool. What (16 teil, this) us about the role of science fiction today •? Perhaps that people (17 now, look) to science fiction authors to portray the world as it (18 be) in 2075.

(2) Why (l many of us, avoid) walking under ladders or staying in hotel rooms on the thirteenth floor? Yesterday (2 behave, I) rationally while I (3 walk) through the park, when I (4 begin) to slow down because (5 I, just a second before, catch) sight of a black cat approaching from my left, the sinister side ? In medieval times even the highly educated clerics (6 teach) since early childhood that the Devil (7 prefer) to adopt the guise of a black feline rather than reveal his true face. None of us (8 learn) such theological wisdom during childhood yet after you (9 leave) this examination room how many of you (10 say) to yourselves or to friends, " Fm keeping my fingers crossed that 1(11 learn) enough during the last three months to have passed." You (12 all bring up) in a rational age shaped by rapid scientific progress, and, since your earliest days, (13 adopt, unconsciously) day by day the belief that in the foreseeable future humankind (14 understand) all there (15 be) to know about the natural world. You, young people of the 21 st Century, you (16 not deceive) into believing that a black cat which (17 just appear) in front of you will lead to your downfall! But just in case, you (18 already, learn) to keep your fingers crossed.

(3) Janet Leigh, who (l pilot) long-haul British Airways aircraft for the last three years, (2 just, fly) her first non-stop flight over the Pole to Los Angeles. "Ms Leigh (3 give) this, the most demanding of our routes, because she (4 prove) to be an outstanding flier," a British Airways spokesperson (5 say) in London yesterday. Now aged 36, she (6 first, fly) a commercial aircraft when she (7 just, turn) 23 and she (8 not, look) back since. But it is her first over-the-Pole flight that (9 tell) her that she (10 soon, join) the elite of BA pilots. If you (11 ask) a senior BA executive, even as late as 1993, whether one day women (12 regularly, sit) at the controls of the world's largest passenger aircraft, he (13 probably, laugh) in your face.

"The fact is that today women pilots (14 increasingly, prove) themselves in direct competition with their very best male colleagues - at all levels in their hierarchy and on all routes," the spokesperson (15 go) on to say. "We (16 not, give) women preference nor (17 B A, pursue) a policy of positive discrimination. Now, and in the future, the Company will consider every applicant solely on merit -gender (18 never, enter) into the decision-making process."

(4) In 1999 Dieter Schwanitz, a former Hamburg professor of English, (l publish) a book on what people (2 traditionally, understand) by the term "education", Bildung. Schwanitz (3 already, draw) attention to himself in the early nineties when he (4 write) the novel, Campus, which a German director (5 since, successfully, film). It (6 star) Heiner Lauterbach, who (7 play) the role of a professor who, after he (8 start) a love affair with a Student (9 end) up disgracing himself. If a book on Bildung (10 write) 40 years ago, it (11 probably, be) an uncontroversial work; in 1959 most people (12 agree) on what it (13 mean) to be gebildet. In Germany and other Western countries, things (14 radically, change) in the meantime, in the last forty years. What (15 happen)? Whereas in 1959 it (16 take) for granted that every German school Student, at least at the Gymnasium, (17 read) Goethe, Lessing, Schiller and other classical authors, nowadays, in Schwanitz's and many others' opinion, this common and essential cultural knowledge, and much other knowledge, (18 gradually, lose).